Bs1234 Jessica Simpson

OK, Class, its test time. I have created this quick test for novice and veteran slot players.
I offer up this quiz in the expectation that all slot players will forever hear the sound of raining coins.

Lets get started...

1) What is an RNG?
A. Really Nice Gambling?
B. Random Number Generator?
C. Right Number Gaming?

B. Random Number Generator: a computer chip placed inside each slot that is programmed to generate multiple combinations of symbols and payouts. A selection is picked randomly, thus determining the final outcome. A busy little drone.

2) What are the three types of slots?
A. Basic, Progressive and Bonus slots?
B. Red White & Blue 7s?
C. Flat Tops, Megabucks and Double Diamonds?

A. The three types of slots are basic, (aka straight slots or flat-tops) that have a constant jackpot. Progressives with an ever-changing jackpot and the latest gaming trend, bonus video slots that offer a bonus round for extra winnings. Although the RNG runs all three types, there are different playing strategies for each type.

3) What is a multiplier slot?
A. Slot that has multiple graphics and symbols?
B. Pays more for more coins played on certain winning combinations?
C. Multiplies your win no matter how many coins played?

B. Stated simply, the more coins played, the better the winning payouts. Particular symbol payouts, as per slot schedule, are multiplied by number of coins played. This can mean the difference between a 2-coin payout and a 10-coin payout for max. coin in play. So, 1 bar, 2 bars, 3 bars--oh yeah!

4) What is a nudge slot?
A. Wild Symbol combination pays?
B. A certain combination nudges you to the Bonus round?
C. Paying Symbol dropping up or down on center payline for win?

C. Come on baby, drop that paying symbol down and give mama a big win.
It could be a basketball, diamond, cherry or wild symbol. You just need a little nudge up or down to that center payline and you are in the money.

5) Whats a short win?
A. A small jackpot?
B. A win just before you are running out of money?
C. A large win with a small cash outlay?

C. This happens all the time. A large jackpot is hit with a minimal cash outlay.
15 bucks gets you $1000s. Now thats a long win on a short chance.
Take the money and run!

6) What is flying solo?
A. Gambling alone?
B. Slot Players who play one coin only.
C. Only winner of a progressive jackpot?

B. I call them onesies. Slot players who play only one coin. I know I advocate wager management, but this is wager suicide. I suggest you drop down a denomination and play max. coins where at least you are in the running for the top jackpot without the slot bends of missing out because you should have played just one more coin. The only exception here is the bonus multi-line slots.

7) EASY POINT. Whats Call Attendant?
A. Large cash hand-paid jackpot?
B. Machine is broken, needs maintenance?
C. My slot club card points have reached their limit?

A. Its party time! Big time PayDayLoanToday with hundreds peeled off into your sweaty, winning palms. All casino players should get this one right and truly enjoy the experience.

Gayle Mitchell is the creator of GamingQuiz: Custom Gambling Q&A at http://www.contentgambling.com & http://www.contentgamblingPL.com #1 Source for gambling content online providing 5 premium services incl. CGPL Membership monthly article pkges. Free! Subscribe to ContentGambling Newsletter.Erotic Free Hypnosis Video
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Rich people. Ah, the best of the best. Depending on the job, these can be your bread and butter. Learn to love rich people. Do everything you can to satisfy this group (or any good tipper in general). But before you go pulling your one-liners and phony Connecticut accents, though, there is something you should know about most rich people. Regardless of what you may believe about rich people and their intelligence, they really are smarter than the average bear (I mean, they do have way more money, dont they?) They can see a sales pitch or a fake compliment a mile away (again, I stress these are generalities). If you come at them with a bag of tricks, it is probably going to affect your tip negatively.

Before you read on, though, lets get one thing straight. There is more to life than money. If any person, rich or not, treats you like garbage and genuinely tries to put you down, do not accept that behavior! Even if it means risking your job. But a good employer will back you up and the other customers will gain tremendous respect for you. Life is too short to accept anybodys garbage, even if theyre good tippers. It is actually pretty rare for somebody to be outright nasty for no reason, but every now and then, you may get a person on a power trip. If it does happen, though, you dont have to yell back. In fact, you shouldnt. Just tell them in a firm voice. I will not be treated like that. I dont care who you are. If this is going to be a problem for you I will be happy to get my manager. Or something to that effect. Okay, enough of that.

If you dont know how to impress a rich person, or are uninterested in learning, it is better just to shut up and do your job. Believe me, youll be better off doing that than trying to schmooze them. And youll make more money.

But if you want to get into their world and make much better money (which I highly suggest you do), you need to start thinking like a rich person. First off, money is not that big of a deal for a rich person. Unless they express some interest in their occupation or their retirement, dont grill them about it. While you may think that their job or their fortune is interesting, dont assume that they love what they do.

The best way to impress a rich person is to stop trying to impress them. Be honest and genuine. If they ask you what your personal favorite is on the wine list, dont lie. Dont tell them to pick the most expensive one on the list just so your tip will go up. Theyll know. They may even have follow up questions. When they ask you why it is your favorite, what is the texture, is it more robust than the whites, or whatever, youll stand there like an idiot with no answer. If you dont have a favorite, tell them. I dont drink wine, but many of our more serious wine drinkers go with the [so and so] because it goes well with the portion that youve chosen. It definitely pays to know your stuff, but dont lie.

Also, its okay to have an opinion on something. If they say something that you dont agree with, and it is appropriate (and I stress appropriate), let them know. Tell them why you think a Viper is superior to a BMW. Nobody likes a yes-man. If they tell a joke that isnt funny, dont laugh. And if they have a sense of humor, tell them it isnt as funny as they think it is. Have an opinion. Rich people respect somebody with an educated opinion. But do NOT take this one too far. Know your place. And if youre not comfortable with this one yet, dont do it. Dont risk offending anyone.

Learn some things that rich people do, such as play golf, tennis, learn about the financial markets, learn some history, learn the area, etc. Rich people are normal people, they just have different and more exact tastes. Learn what those tastes are. And if you dont know about something, then ask them. I noticed you are a golfer. I just started, but Im not that good. Should I start by getting the highest quality clubs, or should I get the basics of my swing down first? Theyll be happy to give you some pointers. Sometimes they will even give you advice that you do not understand. Sometimes they will know it too. But thats okay. They just like to see that you have an honest interest in improving yourself, even if its just in improving your golf swing. All of these tips will get you very far when it comes to making more money.

And lastly, when a person gives you a very generous tip, dont act like it is the greatest thing in the world (unless they are trying to impress you. If you think it will get you on their good side, then you can give them any reaction you think they want). They know that it is a great tip and you know that it is a great tip. Look them right in the eye and give them a genuine Thank you or Thank you very much. When you over-thank them or become flustered, it may affect your tip next time. They will know it is way more than you expected and they will tip you less next time. Please do not get me wrong. Do not be a snob! Do not ever let them think that you are unappreciative. Just do not get overexcited. It is unprofessional and if you are good at your job, you deserve it.

The bottom line when it comes to increasing your tips, just as with anything else in life, is to be yourself, be genuine, pay attention and have discipline.

Joseph Pardi is a private investor currently living in Scottsdale, Az. He has written one, and only one, self-help book that shows anyone exactly how to be successful in any field. It can be downloaded for free at http://www.pardipages.com/page2.htmlSedative Hypnotic
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But Im a business lawyer. I dont deal with criminals.

That doesnt mean criminal matters wont crop up in your practice. Maybe your client will be the target of the investigation, or only a witness, but odds are that you will encounter a criminal investigation.

Even upstanding and law abiding companies can become targets of criminal investigations because of the expansive doctrine of respondeat superior. Corporations can be criminally liable for the acts of their agents and even their most junior employees so long as the acts were committed in the course and scope of employment, and were intended to benefit the corporation. Since the corporation is the deep pocket, the corporation may be targeted, along with culpable employees.

There has been a steady trend toward criminalizing conduct that used to be addressed primarily through administrative or civil remedies. Prosecutors now target certain health care and environmental cases for criminal prosecution when, in the past, these same cases would have been addressed through recoupments of overpayments or administrative fines and penalties. The broad reach of federal criminal statutes renders almost any wrongful conduct a potential crime.

There has also been a trend toward coordinating the full range of government enforcement tools criminal prosecution, civil suits and administrative sanctions through parallel or sequential investigations

How Is a Criminal Matter Likely to Come Up?

White collar matters may come up in a number of way. A client may seek advice about misconduct of an employee. A civil suit may allege criminal conduct through RICO, False Claims Act, or other fraud allegations. Evidence of white collar offenses may also come up during discovery.

Your client might also become a target, subject or witness in government investigation. In federal investigations a target is the focus of the governments investigation, a subject is one that might become a target, and a witness is one the government believes may have information relevant to the investigation, but is not a target or subject. It is important to determine which category the client fits into as quickly as possible, and also to recognize that the status can change from one category to another.

Most white collar crime investigations begin in secret. The investigation may be triggered by a Qui Tam complaint alleging a violation of the state or federal False Claims Act. These complaints are filed under seal. Or the investigation may be triggered by an agency referral or a report from a complaining victim. During the covert stage of the investigation, the government may attempt to use undercover techniques such as consensual monitoring of conversations to elicit incriminating admissions. The government will use this period to develop probable cause to obtain a search warrant.

There are many telltale signs an investigation may be going on, from non routine focused audits, to agent interviews of current or former employees. It is common for agents to drop in on employees at home in the evening to avoid alerting the company. Confirmation that an investigation is in progress comes when the government issues subpoenas or executes a search warrant.

In a white collar case, a subpoena will likely be issued by the Office of Inspector General (OIG) of a particular department, or by the grand jury. Production of documents may also be compelled through an Authorized Investigative Demand (AID) which may be issued by the U.S. Attorneys office.

A grand jury subpoena may compel the production of documents and testimony. As indicated above, since grand jury proceedings are subject to strict secrecy rules, criminal prosecutors sometimes use OIG subpoenas or AIDs so the information may be shared with those investigating civil allegations.

Issuance of a subpoena does not necessarily indicate the government has solid evidence of criminal conduct. A search warrant, on the other hand, can only issue if the government convinces a magistrate that it has probable cause that evidence or instrumentalities of a crime will be found. A subpoena is often issued to non target third parties while a search warrant is generally used to obtain evidence from targets of the criminal investigation.

How Should I Respond?

Carefully. Responding inappropriately not only could prejudice your client, but could land you in jail. Federal obstruction of justice statutes are broad and lying to a federal agent is a crime whether or not the statement was given under oath (just ask Martha Stewart!).

Corporations face severe sanctions if found guilty of criminal offenses. In additional to the criminal fines and penalties faced by a company, civil and administrative consequences are onerous. For example; an entity that committed Medicare fraud could be liable for treble damages under the False Claims Act plus civil monetary penalties of up to $11,000 for each claim submitted. Companies are probably most fearful of the death penalty, that is, exclusion or debarment from government programs, which is a possible and sometimes mandatory consequence of a criminal conviction or adverse civil or administrative determination.

Individuals face lengthy incarceration as well as dire financial consequences. Under the federal sentencing guidelines, white collar criminals rarely escape some period of incarceration. Also, prosecutors routinely use money laundering charges to enable them to forfeit property belonging to the defendant.

Search Warrants

Suppose a client calls frantically and tells you federal agents (with guns!) are at the door with a search warrant. What do you advise?

If the agents have a search warrant, they have a right to enter the property and search the locations described in the warrant. This first step, then, is to obtain a copy of the warrant to determine its scope and to identify the assistant U.S. attorney who approved it. An attempt should also he made to get a business card from the agents executing the search. At this stage the affidavit which sets forth the evidence establishing probable cause will generally not be available.

The most critical advice to a client whose premises are being searched is not to interfere with the agents conducting the search. If agents perceive that someone is interfering with them, they will not hesitate to arrest the person for obstruction of justice. At the same time, it is helpful if the client can monitor what the agents are doing and keep a record of what they are seizing. The client should make efforts to advise agents of privileged or other sensitive material that may require special handling or documents or equipment that is essential for maintaining the operation of the business.

While searching, agents will attempt to interview employees. Whether an employee wishes to submit to an interview is a personal decision. Under no circumstances should the client advise an employee not to talk to law enforcement agents since that could be considered obstruction of justice. On the other hand, it is permissible to explain to employees their right to refuse to speak to the agents if they decide not to and that they can request that counsel be present. Since this is a sensitive area, the best practice is to have knowledgeable counsel provide advice to employees regarding these matters.

Subpoenas

A grand jury subpoena may call for the production of documents or the testimony of the witness, or both. Subpoenas for documents can be very broad. A document subpoena will be upheld so long as it seeks documents which may be relevant to the investigation and production does not result in an undue burden on the recipient. Consequently, motions to challenge a grand jury subpoena rarely succeed. However, the prosecutor is often willing to negotiate limitations on the scope of the subpoena, or will agree to a rolling production.

When your client gets a subpoena, it is important to quickly identify the clients status in the investigation. Is the person or entity a witness, subject or target of the investigation? If an individual has potential exposure to criminal prosecution, he or she may refuse to testify without a grant of immunity. Federal law provides for use immunity. If a person is granted use immunity, the prosecutor may not use the testimony of the witness, or any evidence derived from the testimony, in a prosecution of that individual. Immunity can be formal or informal. With formal immunity, the prosecutor seeks an order from the district court to compel an individual to testify. For informal grants of immunity, the prosecutor agrees not to use statements or testimony of a witness under certain conditions.

Before granting immunity, the prosecutor will want to know what the witness has to say. This can be accomplished through a proffer or what is known as Queen for a Day immunity. Under this procedure, the government reserves its decision to grant full immunity until it has had an opportunity to interview the witness, but agrees that it will not use the statements made during that debriefing session if it decides not to grant immunity.

A corporation has no 5th amendment right to refuse to incriminate itself. Consequently, a corporation must generally turn over documents in response to a subpoena. A corporation, however, may assert an attorney client privilege as to documents to which the privilege attaches.

Agents will usually attempt to interview witnesses when they serve the subpoena. Some agents have been known to tell the witness that he or she wont have to attend the grand jury session if they agree to be interviewed. Your client should be aware that they do not need to speak to the agent, and if they choose to, they should tell the truth. Making false statements to federal agents, even if not under oath, is a felony offense.

Representation Issues

When the white collar investigation involves a business entity, a variety of representation issues arise. Separate counsel may be necessary to represent the interests of the entity and its employees, officers and agents. The employer may be required to indemnify its employees, officers and agents for legal fees incurred during the investigation.

When a company gets wind that the government is conducting an investigation, it will often conduct its own internal investigation. To the extent that investigation is done under the auspices of counsel, it may be protected by the attorney client privilege. Counsel for the company and counsel for individuals involved in the investigations may enter into joint defense agreements to facilitate sharing information without having to disclose it to the government. While the results of an internal investigation may be privileged, the government may require the company to waive the privilege and turn over its report of investigation as a condition of any settlement.

Difficult Tactical Choices

Because most white collar investigations now involve parallel proceedings, clients are often faced with a Hobsons Choice in deciding how to proceed. For example, if the client attempts to assert his or her 5th Amendment privilege in a related civil case, an adverse inference may be drawn. On the other hand, testifying in the civil proceeding may waive the 5th Amendment protection and the testimony will be admissible in the criminal case. Sometimes these dilemmas can be minimized by obtaining a stay of the civil matter pending resolution of the criminal investigation.

Another difficult tactical decision is whether to voluntarily disclose evidence of criminal conduct to the government. In some circumstances disclosure is mandatory. Most often, though, there is no legal duty to report but the pros and cons of voluntary disclosure must be carefully weighed.

What to Do?

Since the stakes are high, government investigations should always be taken seriously. Business lawyers should be alert to the first signs of a criminal investigation and be prepared to advise their clients, or refer them for advice, about the many risks involved and the difficult decisions that need to be made.

Geoffrey Goodman is a former federal and state prosecutor who specializes in defending companies and individuals against the government in criminal and regulatory investigations and prosecutions. He also conducts internal investigations and handles matters in both federal and state court. http://murphyaustin.comSydney Moon Vid
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If you run into a legal dispute, and everyone does, you may need to hire a law firm to represent you. If so, it helps to know who is who in regard to positions in the law firm.

Positions in a Law Firm

It may come as a surprise to learn that law firms tend to be very rigid in their structure. From the very beginning, the law firm has maintained a layered structure that just seemed to work. As the years have passed, there has been little or no change to this structure. If you retain a law firm to represent you in any legal matter, it helps to understand the positions and who you will be speaking with.

At the top of the organization chart is the lead attorney on your case. This is where the buck stops when it comes to strategy, final decisions and problems. The lead attorney is often a partner in the firm, but not always. He or she is the attorney you will probably meet with when you first come into the firm. The attorney is responsible for practically everything on your case, but has a team that does much of the leg work on day to day matters.

Below the lead attorney, one tends to find an associate lawyer. The associate is typically a less experienced attorney who is earning his or her stripes and trying to work their way up to a partner position. When it comes to communicating with the firm on your case, you will inevitably talk with the associate on numerous occasions. He or she will often call with questions related to factual issues and will address many of your questions as they arise.

Next comes the valuable paralegal. The paralegal is not a licensed attorney, but is often very knowledgeable on legal issues and strategies. The paralegal role in a firm is to do most of the detail work. This can include hunting down witnesses, setting depositions, compiling filings and so on. He or she will often share work with the associate attorney.

Finally, the law clerk is a person in the firm that will probably work on your case a lot without you even knowing it. A law clerk is almost always a law school student. To pick up practical experience, the law clerk takes a part time position with the firm. The job duties vary from firm to firm, but often are focused on doing legal research on various legal issues. Much of the legal regulation of a situation is determined by case law opinions issues by appellate or supreme courts of the states and federal jurisdictions. A law clerk spends a lot of time in a library reading these as they relate to your matter and reporting the results back to the associate and lead attorney.

One of the keys to understanding how to deal with a law firm is to know who is who. Now you do.

Gerard Simington is with http://www.findanattorneyforme.com - a free online attorney directory.Mini Dv
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Hundreds of foreigners residing here are starting up new businesses in Panama every year.

Panama offers many opportunities for business entrepreneurs. You can start a bar, restaurant, retail shop, hotel, bed & breakfast, provide tour-guides or professional services.

Maybe you are thinking about opening a new business full time? Or, you are retired and thinking of passing the time by engaging in a part-time business.

Whichever you do, Panamanian laws must be understood and complied with. That's why the following information will be useful for every reader who is thinking about starting a business in Panama.

LEGAL BUSINESS STRUCTURE

Your first consideration is to decide what type of business structure to use.

There are 3 normal business entities here in Panama:

Sole Proprietor where you and your spouse & family operate a business as sole owners.

Partnership where you team up with one or more persons in running the business.

Corporation where you register with the government as a company issuing stocks, having a Board of Directors and corporate officers.

While a sole proprietorship can be an oral agreement between close family members, the other two entities need the assistance of a Panamanian lawyer. That's because legal documents need to be prepared forming a Partnership or Corporation. If they are wrongly prepared, they will be legally null and void causing a business legal nightmare for its members.

Let's examine the different legal structures here in Panama:

Corporation (Sociedad Anonima)

Corporations are formed under the Law No. 32 of 1927 and the Commercial Code (Decree-Law No. 5 of 1997, Article 5).

A Panamanian corporation is formed by two persons (called Subscribers) or Nominees (who act on behalf of absent foreigners) who execute legal documents called the Articles of Incorporation. Those documents are filed with the Panama Public Registry office. After the corporation is formed, only one shareholder will be required.

Corporate shares are issued which can be of various classes, can have par value or not, may be officially registered, or can be discreet Bearer shares.

The corporation must have a resident Registered Agent (Panamanian lawyer).

There must be at least three Directors whose names must be in the Articles of Incorporation. Any changes of Directors must also be filed with the Public Registry. Unless the Articles are changed or the corporation merges or dissolves there will be no other filing requirements.

Foreign Corporation

If you already have a corporation in another country, it can do business in Panama by filing the following documents at the Public Registry Office:

1. A notarized Spanish translation of the Articles of Incorporation;

2. Board of Directors minutes authorizing the Panamanian registration;

3. Copies of the most recent financial statements;

4. A certificate from a Panamanian Consul confirming that the company is organized according to the laws of its place of incorporation;

5. Notification of the transfer of capital to the Panamanian operation.

General Partnership

General Partnerships are permitted in Panama. As with most countries, the partners will have unlimited civil liability. That means every partner can be sued even if only one of them commits an error in the course of business.

Limited Partnership

Limited Partnerships (called Sociedad de Responsibilidad) are also permitted in Panama. They are governed by the Commercial Code and Law No. 24 of 1966.

There may be from 2 to 20 partners with no restrictions as to their nationalities or domicile. Their Capital must be at least $2,000 up to $500,000. The names of the partners must be registered with the Public Registry Office including the amount of Capital each contributed. Each partner's civil liability for the Partnership's debts is limited to the amount subscribed to but unpaid. If the Partnership appoints an independent administrator, his/her name must also be registered. No meetings are required if the Partnership has 5 members or less. Otherwise, a meeting must be held at least once a year. There are no requirements for annual returns or filing of any accountings.

An alternative to a Sole Proprietorship is to create an Individual Limited Proprietorship (Empressa Individual de Responsibilidad Limitada). This is set up in the same manner as a Limited Partnership except having only one member. The individual transfers his/her assets to the business. Business civil liability is limited to the amount of the committed assets.

Civil Partnership

A Civil Partnership (Sociedad Civil) is allowed by the Commercial Code and Law No. 24 of 1966. The liability of the partners is unlimited. This type of partnership is often selected by professionals such as lawyers and accountants.

Commandite Company

The Commandite Company (Sociedad en Commandita) is a hybrid partnership and corporation also governed by the Commercial Code and Law No. 24 of 1966. At least one partner must have unlimited liability, while the liability of the limited partners is limited to the amount of capital subscribed. This type of legal structure is seldom used in Panama.

GOVERNMENT PERMITS & LICENSES

Once you have either formed a Panamanian Corporation, or a Partnership, or are acting as a Sole Proprietor, you will need to register your business with the government before opening for business.

The 6 steps provided below are the requirements for registering your business with the national and local governments:

1. Income Tax Registry

This is called "Registro Fiscal" with the Panamanian government.

The Panamanian government has a website explaining what is necessary to register in Spanish. Go to the govt. website at: www.dgi.gob.pa

This is the government Revenue (Tax) Service where your company receives its income tax id number called the Direccion General de Ingresos.

You will need to keep records of income and expenses and file an annual income tax (or corporate tax) return and pay any taxes owed.

2. Commercial License

Another Panama government website will give you information regarding getting a commercial license in Spanish at: www.mici.gob.pa

This Ministry is called the MINISTERIO de COMERCIO e INDUSTRIAS, translated as the Ministry of Commerce & Industry.

This is otherwise known as your Business License. Every business in Panama is required to have one.

3. Municipal Taxes

After getting your Panamanian government licenses, you need to register with your local municipality in order to pay your municipal taxes.

4. Social Security Number

Then you must go to the Registro Patronal de la Caja de Seguro Social (CSS) to get a Social Security number for your business and for yourself.

5. Sanitary Permit

If your business deals with food or beverages, you will need to get Permisos Sanitarios with the Ministerio de Salud.

That translates as a Health Certificate from the Ministry of Health for permission to operate a sanitary business.

Every employee (including owners & management) who prepare or serve food or beverages (or are in the vicinity of food or beverage preparation or service) must obtain two different Permits. One requires a medical & dental examination at a public hospital. The other is issued after attending a two day health & safety course.

6. Fumigation Certificate

Every business which is open to the public must be fumigated. You will need to hire a private fumigation company every four months to fumigate against ants, roaches, and other bugs.

You must then present a receipt from the fumigation company and obtain a Fumigation Certificate from your local municipality. This must be publicly displayed at your business entrance.

Hiring Employees

Now that you have obtained all of the required government permits and licenses, you are now ready to hire employees.

For those of you thinking of hiring your expat buddies, Panama limits a company's work force to a maximum of 10% foreigners (non-Panamanian). Panamanian laws require that 90% of a company's employees be Panamanian citizens, or married to a Panamanian, or foreign persons residing here for at least 10 years.

But, there are exceptions:

1. Required technical or specialized staff unavailable in Panama increases your quota to 15% foreigners. You can also petition the Ministry of Labor for a higher quota.

2. Companies having less than 10 employees can employ 1 foreigner.

3. Companies can employ foreign Managers and Supervisors when the company does business abroad from Panama with prior approval by the Ministry of Labor.

You must obtain a work permit from the Ministry of Labor for every foreign worker.

Panamas Labor Laws

The Labor Code of 1971 deals with Labor Relations including the rights and duties of employers and employees. "Subordination" is the key concept of the law. Any relationship where one person is subordinate to another falls within the law. It makes no difference whether the relationship is or is not described as "employment".

There are certain basic employee rights which must be followed:

1. Written Employment Contract

2. Minimum Wage

3. Maximum Hours

4. Paid Vacation Time

5. Firing Employees

Employee Contracts

You must have your employees sign a written employment contract called an Inscripcion Contratos con trabajadores.

You must file two copies of the contract with the Ministerio de Trabajo y Desarrollo Laboral.

Employers can easily terminate the employee during the first two years. After that, employees have greater protection under the law. The law lists "just causes" for dismissal. Unlawful dismissals can result in minimal compensation payments. Both parties can contract for "fixed terms".

Minimum wage levels vary according to the employee's seniority.

Vacations: There are 11 public holidays per year. In addition, employees are entitled to a 30 day vacation every year.

13th Month: The law also requires a 30 day paid bonus every year which is known as "the 13th month". This bonus is estimated at one-salary day for every 11 days of work. The 13 month bonus is paid in 3 equal installments: April 15th, August 15th, and December 15th every year.

Unions

Unions are allowed in Panama. Unions can collectively negotiate on behalf of the employees. Strikes are lawful under defined circumstances after a majority vote of the member employees. Conciliation is mandatory before a strike can occur. However, only around 11% of the private sector employees are unionized.

Leasing Office or Business Premises

Panama's laws regarding leasing commercial space is similar to most English speaking countries.

1. It needs to be in Writing.

2. It needs to properly describe the location of the pre-mises.

3. It needs to address the amount and frequency of the lease payments, length of the lease period, whether there is a Security and/or Damage deposit, who pays for gas, water, electricity, and repairs. It will also contain provisions for late rent payments, tenant property damage, and renewal of the lease term.

4. It must be signed by the property owners (or legally authorized representatives) and the tenants.

5. All signatures must be Notarized before a Notary Public.

There are many more terms and conditions which should be included in a standard commercial lease which is why you should consult with a Panamanian attorney before signing one prepared by your landlord.

Business Bank Account

Even if you are a sole proprietor, you should never co-mingle your personal funds with business monies. That is why you'll need to open a bank account for your business.

Partnerships and Corporations definitely need to open separate Business or Corporate Bank Accounts.

When you open an account for a corporation, partnership, or a business most banks require the following information and documentation:

1. Most banks require a personal interview, while some banks may allow a telephone interview.

2. A clear copy of the account's Signatory and each corporate Director's Passport (must include the photo & personal information page, and Panama entry stamp page).

3. A clear copy of a second photo id (such as a driver's license or national id card).

4. Two bank references for each Director and account Signatory. These references must entail the satisfactory conduct of the account holder and that the banking relationship had been ongoing for a minimum of 2 years. It would be helpful if the references also confirm the person's residential address. Many Panamanian banks require the references be specifically addressed to that bank's branch. Some banks may accept only one bank reference letter (especially if you have done all of your banking with only one bank).

5. Two professional references for each Director and account Signatory. These references may be written by one's accountant, lawyer, stock broker, insurance broker, real estate broker, or employer. They should be written on their company letterhead. These must include the duration and nature of their business relationship with the applicant. Only an Original letter will be accepted.

6. Proof of Address: You must provide a copy of a utility bill (phone, water, electricity, cable TV, or Internet service) which contains your name and address.

7. A "Company Profile" letter must be submitted which briefly describes the type of business the account holder will engage in. This will include the location of the business, the products or services you are selling, the nature and expected volume of business, the origin of the funds to be deposited, an estimate of the monthly or annual amount of funds to be deposited, and the reason for opening a bank account in Panama.

It will help if your Panamanian lawyer accompanies you to the bank in order to make sure the process goes smoothly.

Once all of these documents have been received, they will be forwarded to the bank's Compliance Officer who reviews the entire application to insure no money laundering will occur.

This process will go smoother and may have less required documents if you first go to the Panamanian bank where you already have a personal account as they already know you.

Taxes

Now that you are licensed, moved into your commercial space, hired employees and have a bank account; you need to worry about taxes.

Conclusion

There are many legal documents, government applications, contracts, and laws one must comply with in order to start a business in Panama. That is why you should consult with a Panamanian lawyer who is knowledgeable with Panama's Business, Labor, Tax, and Real Estate laws before going into business.

Steven Rich, MBA is the Marketing Manager for Panama Offshore Legal Services at: http://www.panama-offshore-services.comTera Patrick My Plaything
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How to ruin your vacation in Las Vegas - DUI in Las Vegas.

Las Vegas is the gambling capital of the world. Hundreds of thousands of people visit Las Vegas every year with the hope of winning BIG TIME on the turn of a card of the roll of a dice. Unfortunately not all people who visit the town obey the law when it comes to driving under the influence of alcohol.

Almost any establishment in the town is going to serve alcohol to its customers so that they have a great time and spend money. Bars and casinos do not however provide their paying customers with a safe means of returning to their homes or apartments once their night is over and they are in a stupor. As a result; every night in Las Vegas there are many many people who put down their glasses, pick up their car keys and promptly get into their cars and drive home back to their rented condo or hotel room.

For many years the hazards of driving while under the influence of alcohol have been known to drivers, and lessons on the potential dangers of driving whilst under the influence of alcohol are taught from a very early age. Alcohol diminishes an individuals response times resulting in them being more likely to be responsible for a car wreck, which could prove damaging to both themselves and another innocent party.

Las Vegas is a city where automobile traffic can be bumper to bumper which can make people drive like maniacs, which is sometimes a recipe for disaster. Think for a moment on the quickly rising costs of healthcare and auto repair. I don't think anyone would purposefully damage their vehicle with a sledge hammer. So why would they willingly take it onto the streets when there was an increased chance that they would find them self at the bottom of a pile of twisted scrap metal.

Along with the possible financial repercussions and loss of life think for a moment about the possible consequences of a person finding themselves miles from their apartment with no money or vehicle and the prospect of an awaiting jail sentence. These are the repercussions faced by the reckless people who visit Las Vegas spending a night gambling and drinking alcohol and who then decide to drive home.

After being stopped by the law their license is suspended, their car is impounded and then they must make the decision which of their friends they are then going to ask for a lift home or back to their rented condo or apartment. After returning home they must then contact a Las Vegas attorney who will agree to appear with them in court, at which point it will then be determined whether they will spend the next few years of their life eating prison food in jail.

While these consequences are not universal and are dependent solely on an individuals circumstances, almost every case of driving under the influence results in some sort of license suspension fine and jail time.

So, please do not drink and drive when you visit Las Vegas, as you are endangering both your life and that of other innocent people.

Ian Williams is not a lawyer but writes about many legal issues on his websites. He strongly disagrees with people who drink and drive but respects their legal rights. For more information about this issue please visit his sites about: DUI Attorney and Lawyer and Illinois DUI Attorney. Establishing
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If you've have ever applied for a charge account, a personal loan, insurance, or a job, there's a file on you. This file contains information on where you work and live, how you pay your bills, and whether you've been sued, arrested, or filed for bankruptcy.

The companies that gather and sell this information are called Consumer Reporting Agencies (CRAs). The most common type of a CRA is the credit bureau. The information CRAs sell is called a consumer credit report.

The errors that occur at the 3 major Credit Reporting Bureaus has reached staggering numbers. With over 75 percent of all credit reports containing some sort of error, the vast majority of consumers has been or will be affected by a problem with inaccurate credit history. At least 25 percent of credit reports contain errors so severe that it would cause a loan or mortgage application to be denied.

The Fair Credit Reporting Act, enforced by the Federal Trade Commission, is supposed to ensure accuracy and the privacy of the information used in consumer reports. Recent amendments to the Act expand your rights and place additional requirements on CRAs. Businesses that supply information about you to CRAs and those that use consumer reports also have new responsibilities under the law.

Here are some important questions and answers about your rights under Federal Law.

Q. How do I find the CRA that has my report?

A. Contact the CRAs listed in the Yellow Pages under "credit" or "credit rating and reporting." Because more than one CRA may have a file on you, call each until you locate all the agencies maintaining your file. The three major national credit bureaus are:
Equifax
P.O. Box 740241
Atlanta, GA 30374-0241
(800) 685-1111.

Experian
P.O. Box 2104
Allen, TX 75013
(888) EXPERIAN (888-397-3742).

Trans Union
P.O. Box 1000
Chester, PA 19022
(800) 916-8800.

This is really important. Anyone who takes action against you in response to a report supplied by a CRA -- such as denying your application for credit, insurance, or employment -- must give you the name, address, and telephone number of the CRA that provided the report.

Q. Do I have a right to know what's in my report?

A. Yes you do but you MUST ask for it. The CRA must tell you everything in your report, including medical information, and in most cases, the sources of the information. The CRA also must give you a list of everyone who has requested your report within the past year -- two years for employment related requests.

Q. Is there a charge for my report?

A. Sometimes. The good news is that there's no charge if a company takes adverse action against you, such as denying your application for credit, insurance or employment, and you request your report within 60 days of receiving that notice of the action. The notice will give you the name, address, and phone number of the CRA. In addition, you're entitled to one free report a year (1) you're unemployed and plan to look for a job within 60 days, (2) you're on welfare, or (3) your report is inaccurate because of fraud. Otherwise, a CRA may charge you up to $9 for a copy of your report. The amount varies by state.

Q. What can I do about inaccurate or incomplete information?

A. Under the new law, both the CRA and the information provider have responsibilities for correcting inaccurate or incomplete information in your report. To protect all your rights under this law, contact both the CRA and the information provider.

First, tell the CRA in writing what information you believe is inaccurate. CRAs must reinvestigate the items in question - usually within 30 days -- unless they consider your dispute frivolous.

Now we get to the good part. If you have several items to dispute and submit them at the same time the CRA will almost always consider your dispute frivolous. Sorry, thats just the way it is. Your best bet is to dispute one or two items at a time. Send your letter, wait two weeks, send the next letter and so on. Best idea is to find something wrong with what is being reported. Check the details. Are the dates correct, the amount correct, the payments correct? Do you even owe the debt? Was it paid off?

The CRA must forward all relevant data you provide about the dispute to the information provider. After the information provider receives notice of a dispute from the CRA, it must investigate, review all relevant information provided by the CRA, and report the results to the CRA. If the information provider finds the disputed information to be inaccurate, it must notify all nationwide CRAs so that they can correct this information in your file.

Now for the REAL story. The information provider will almost always responds saying they investigated and the debt is valid. That's all it takes for the CRA to substantiate the debt and tell you to take a hike. Now think about it, you have a debt that is not yours and you go to the CRA to dispute it. They send a letter and to the no good company reporting you as a deadbeat and asked them to substantiate a non-existent debt. To add insult to injury that no good company tells the CRA its good debt and your SOL.

When the reinvestigation is complete and its favorable to you, the CRA must give you the written results and a free copy of your report. If an item is changed or removed, the CRA cannot put the disputed information back in your file unless the information provider verifies its accuracy and completeness, and the CRA gives you a written notice that includes the name, address, and phone number of the provider.

Second, tell the creditor or other information provider in writing that you dispute an item. Many providers specify an address for disputes. If the provider then reports the item to any CRA, it must include a notice of your dispute. In addition, if you are correct -- that is, if the information is inaccurate -- the information provider may not use it again.

Personally, after helping dozens of people clear negative, incorrect information from their credit reports I can tell in option 1 is a necessary step but for the most part a useless step. Going right to the creditor and documenting the attempt is by far the best way to remove the inaccurate information on your credit reports. After disputing the information to the creditor, documenting the attempt, and documenting the non response of the creditor you have irrefutable evidence to present to the credit bureau. According to the federal law they have no choice but to remove the incomplete or inaccurate information

Q. What can I do if the CRA or information provider won't correct the information I dispute?

A. A reinvestigation may not resolve your dispute with the CRA. If that's the case, ask the CRA to include your statement of the dispute in your file and in future reports. If you request, the CRA also will provide your statement to anyone who received a copy of the old report in the recent past. There usually is a fee for this service.

If you tell the information provider that you dispute an item, a notice of your dispute must be included anytime the information provider reports the item to a CRA.

Q. Can my employer get my report?

A. Only if you say it's okay. A CRA may not supply information about you to your employer, or to a prospective employer, without your consent.

Q. Can creditors, employers, or insurers get a report that contains medical information about me?

A. Not without your approval.

Q. What should I know about "investigative consumer reports"?

A. "Investigative consumer reports" are detailed reports that involve interviews with your neighbors or acquaintances about your lifestyle, character, and reputation. They may be used in connection with insurance and employment applications. You'll be notified in writing when a company orders such a report. The notice will explain your right to request certain information about the report from the company you applied to. If your application is rejected, you may get additional information from the CRA. However, the CRA does not have to reveal the sources of the information.

Q. How long can a CRA report negative information?

A. Seven years from the day the debt went bad. But there are certain exceptions:

Information about criminal convictions may be reported without any time limitation.
Bankruptcy information may be reported for 10 years.
Information reported in response to an application for a job with a salary of more than $75,000 has no time limit.
Information reported because of an application for more than $150,000 worth of credit or life insurance has no time limit.
Information about a lawsuit or an unpaid judgment against you can be reported for seven years or until the statute of limitations runs out, whichever is longer.

Q. Can anyone get a copy of my report?

A. No. Only people with a legitimate business need, as recognized by the FCRA. For example, a company is allowed to get your report if you apply for credit, insurance, employment, or to rent an apartment.

The truth is that just about anyone can get your credit report for just about any reason. How it works. I want information on you. I go to one of thousands of small businesses that have access to the CRAs and say I do have a legitimate reason for wanting the information. I say you are applying for a job or you want to buy my car on time payments and I want to be sure your legit. Thats all it takes, Ive got everything I need to know about you. Can kid yourself, this happens thousands of times every day across the nation. You can even do it on the Internet. There are thousand of companies that will get you information on anyone you want if you're willing to pay a few bucks.

Q. How can I stop a CRA from including me on lists for unsolicited credit and insurance offers?

A. Creditors and insurers may use CRA file information as a basis for sending you unsolicited offers. These offers must include a toll-free number for you to call if you want to remove your name and address from lists for two years; completing a form that the CRA provides for this purpose will keep your name off the lists permanently.

And the rest of the story he is: Call those numbers and see how successful you're getting removed. Those toll-free numbers are the reason I use high blood pressure medicine now. And by the way, I never did get removed.

Q. Do I have the right to sue for damages?

A. You may sue a CRA, a user or -- in some cases -- a provider of CRA data, in state or federal court for most violations of the FCRA. If you win, the defendant will have to pay damages and reimburse you for attorney fees to the extent ordered by the court.

Q. Are there other laws I should know about?

A. Yes. If your credit application was denied, the Equal Credit Opportunity Act requires creditors to specify why -- if you ask. For example, the creditor must tell you whether you were denied because you have "no credit file" with a CRA or because the CRA says you have "delinquent obligations." The ECOA also requires creditors to consider additional information you might supply about your credit history. You may want to find out why the creditor denied your application before you contact the CRA.

Tom Sheltraw is the content manager of several websites covering all aspects of making and saving money. He owns and operates 10-8.org helping you to Make Extra Cash because, Being Broke .... SUCKS. For a FREE money making report go to: http://1500ways.10-8.org/tips.htm Click now for your FREE Report! Publishing guidelines: Please feel free to publish this article as long as its contents and resource box remain unchanged.Tera Patrick Fashion Underground
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